All of us are co-pathfinders!

The above photos are of three generations of Lilies in our garden two days ago! With the Lilies beginning to bloom, I look forward to more generations of blossoms in the next couple of weeks. The first is that of a Lily in its early stage of blossoming and the third is that of a Lily retreating after its full presence. The second Lily represents the mid- life of a Lily blossom. 

I have had my thoughts hovering around the protests in different parts of India against the unfair practices, the Election Commission of India has resorted to in the last three years. The protests have grown into a confrontation between the police and the protestors in New Delhi. 

The three generations of Protestors

There are three groups of protestors who assemble in the streets belonging to three age groups- adolescents, young adults and mid- lifers. 

According to the theory of the eight stages of psycho-social development, proposed by Erik Erikson (1902-1994), a German-American psychoanalyst, the above three stages of formative years are characterised by some distinct features. According to him, 'During each of the eight stages, there is psychological conflict that must be successfully overcome in order for a child develop into a healthy well-adjusted adult. If the stage is handled well, the person will feel a sense of mastery, which is sometimes referred to as ego strength or ego quality. If the stage is managed poorly the person will emerge with a sense of inadequacy in that aspect of development'.  

The adolescents (12-18 years) go through a season of developing social relationships, during which they can encounter discovering their identity failing which they can have a role confusion. 

The young adults (19-40 years) grow into developing relationships through experiencing intimacy failing which they experience isolation. 

The middle adulthood ( 40-65 years) is a season of engaging in work and parenthood. They grow into generatively or slip into stagnation. 

The bulk of protestors are drawn from these three stages of life, while their formative development is still taking place. 

The protestors and the antagonists 

The police and all the hierarchy above regulating and instructing them, or those framing policies, are people mostly in mid-life. That is the time when they have grown up to be generative.  The ethos of generatively is 'the desire and commitment to guide, mentor, and care for future generations, leaving behind a positive impact'. The common expressions of generativity are parenting and family formation, mentoring and teaching, attending to civic and community life, and offering creative and productive output. The benefits of generativity are psychological well being, good physical health, and stronger relationships. The sense of generativity is an unconscious awareness that is instinctual to humans as part of their formative transition. The police, who are involved in monitoring the protests are people in mid- life and hopefully live fulfilled lives. They are in a position to feel concerned about others, their needs and wellness. 

The protestors belonging to two younger age groups, the adolescents and young adults,  are in different stages of formation, such as finding their identity or discovering the range and depth of relationships. Those in the mid-adulthood, who are in positions of responsibility and authority are able to exert an influence in the formative transition of the adolescents and young adults. 

How can those in positions of leadership and authority cease to be antagonists to the protestors? It is by pausing to know who they are and who they are to be becoming psycho-socially visa-vi others who are in their care! They are called upon to receive the adolescents and young adults, who are known to face identity crisis and struggle to be in a web of supportive relationships. 

We have  different generations in a society, but are co-dependent. I watched the protestors in the streets as those charged with enthusiasm, adventure, persuasion, solidarity, good intentions and bursting with energy. Some behaviours we see in the street suggest that they can be arrogant, self-absorbed and insensitive to how their actions can hurt others. 

And yet this generation Z is a community who need to be viewed through the optic of generativity by those in mid-life to help them transition into the next stage in life,  for which they need teaching and mentoring. 

The social ambience is the cradle of personal formation

Most state governments and the central government have ministers in charge of youth affairs. Those ministers and officials under them,  are to be the people who ought to be tuned to sense the 'distress' young people feel and face, which drag them to disappointment and frustration.  I am not sure if the officials in the departments of youth affairs are people trained to sense adulthood transitions and support psycho-social formative process of adolescents and young adults. 

Let me suggest that the protests that we see in the streets may have been precipitated by the unfair practices in the Election Commission of India. But the disappointments, frustration and anger are towards those whose mentoring they longed for, but was not forthcoming. They felt isolated, rootless and ambiguous about their future, where employment chances have dwindled in the recent years. 

The policies framed by government did not appeal to them as inclusive of their aspirations and needs. 

I have a suspicion that our homes, where parenting is the anchor for the adolescents, have become weak in its ability to enfold the young people to feel protected, affirmed and valued. The parenting role and process do not seem to be matching the aspirations of those in adolescent season, who are in transition to be young adults. It is seldom that we come across schools who have a full time behavioural psychologist in the high schools to help the adolescents to choose their vocation and support their transition to be a young adult. 

The generation Z seems to be sandwiched between inadequate parenting support and weak formative support from 'elders' at work or place of study. The social media, peer models,  and the visual media influence them, some of which only add to the ambiguity of identity that is bothering them. 

I began this reflection prompted by sighting three generations of lily flowers in the garden. 

My reflections on the anatomy of the street protests have taken me thus far. I am still in a searching and reflective stage, yet to be clear for myself the genesis of this breakdown of communication between the policy makers and the youth of India! 

As the protests generate more confrontational positioning of the youth and the government, I fear further intensity in an oppositional behaviour  which could cause harm! 

It is in this context the voice of reason and sense of wisdom ought to take over to lead us out of this cross road! 

That can happen only when a 'third force' of peace initiators emerge to influence the government and the protestors to come to a negotiating table! 

I have often been reminded from my reading on conflict resolution, that 'we win together or loose together'  !

It was a cloudy morning today with the misty cover of the garden, which diminished the view of the garden and beyond.

As I walked further into the garden, I was greeted by the flowers in the cashew tree in the walkway, greeting me with its colour and aliveness! 

This is the dual reality- the protests in the streets filter the view of the vibrant India and its youth! But the tiny flowers announce the hope that lingers within us of the fruits awaiting us as we tarry patiently, but vigilantly! 

M.C.Mathew(text and photo)

 

Peace pursuit in stressed times!

Squirrel feeding style -1 

Squirrel feeding style -2

Squirrel feeding style -3

Squirrel feeding style-4

Squirrel feeding style-5

Squirrel feeding style-6

Squirrel Feeding style-7

 

I spent about four hours watching the protest scenes of New Delhi street in the social media on 14th October, although it was a day without any pre-announced protests by any group. My phone primed me that I had  exceeded the sixty minutes threshold I had set for social media viewing in 24 hours. 

It was then I felt how much I am engaged by the disturbing sights in the streets of New Delhi where the police chase the protesters in the streets in a way that casts a shadow about the fair behaviour of police on the peaceful protestors walking on the streets chanting slogans. The protestors are speaking a language that is uncomfortable to the policy makers and yet, there is a good enough reason to hear them tolerably. 

I felt inclined to explore for myself how people behave in stressful situations! The protestors are anxious because they are chased, detained and arrested. Therefore they protest with a lingering fear within. The police too carry a high level of anxiety as they are called upon by the policy makers not to allow any protest marches in the streets. To stop the charged young people from  protesting, the police personnel resort to force. The mood and behaviour of the police as seen in the videos that I watched show, how forceful and inconsiderate they are to helpless youth. The men and women get dragged along the street, and suspended between their hands and legs and are carried away to vehicles to be take them away to  detention centres. There are confessions of how students were beaten up in the detention centres. The police force show signs of anxiety and stress. I do not think that the police personnel who have been trained in psychological skills of handling difficult situations would  normally do the way they behave in the streets of New Delhi.  To me it is a sign of their stressed behaviour under pressure form their senior officers. 

Feeding behaviour of squirrels

I felt intrigued to observe the feeding behaviour of squirrels in our feeding station. I have a collection of forty series of photos on different days of squirrels feeding, out of which I chose seven examples of the feeding behaviours in the photos above. 

Often it is a squirrel who arrives at the feeding station at twilight each day. I have a suspicion that at least three squirrels are residents in our garden. 

From the feeding behaviour I felt inclined to think that they have seven different ways of feeding, each in its own context. 

If the feeding station is without any birds, a squirrel would feed from the bowl. 

If the birds are present in the vicinity waiting to arrive at the feeding station or are already present at the feeding station, they have different feeding practices which I presume is because of  stress.  The feeding style-3  is likely to be one such behaviour. The feeding styles-5 and 6 indicate how a Squirrel partly overcomes stress by feeding along with birds, but being away in a corner feeding by itself. 

It is occasional that a squirrel would be seen co-feeding with birds. I watched it today which is in the following photo.

It was when I saw this scene today, I was even more inclined to think that this would be the normal behaviour of a squirrel in all likelihood, where it behaves tolerably and comfortably to accommodate birds in  its vicinity. 

Psychology of stress

The young people of India in the recent years encountered a departure from the earlier patterns and norms. The question papers  for competitive examinations were leaked by those responsible to oversee the examinations,  to favour some and tohave financial gain. The unemployment scene is a worrisome that many young people are forced to migrate to other countries, initially enrolling as students by taking bank loans. The shop keeper where I went to buy electrical goods yesterday told me that he sent his son overseas with a huge bank loan as he had no chance to get a job. He added, 'At least 100 young people have left the village in one year, seeking opportunities overseas'! The political order in the country created a vicious ambience in the recent years, where fairness, tolerance, regardful behaviour and honourable social practices have been set aside by a utilitarian approach. 

A police officer secretly seems to have told a press reporter that 'We work under fear. If we are seen to fail to obey the Master's voice, we would be threatened of action'! 

The Delhi streets become a meeting place between the stressed young people and the fearful police. 

It is not logic or reason or social regard that guides this encounter between the young people and police, but confrontation! 

Countering stressful behaviour

I recall the wise and timely action of the Dean of a medical College where  clashes between two groups of students in the campus reached to a confrontational level. It came to a climax that the Dean invited the students for an at home at his residence. He did this every fortnight when they played games, conversed and shared thoughts and concerns. In three months, the situation returned to a comfortable level from being a dis-ease for several weeks. 

The prime Minister and the President of India belong to the order of the first citizens  in India. I wonder if they would see themselves as those who have the mandate and constitutional obligation to find a way forward before the current protests escalate to a point of no return, which would harm all of us equally! 

During the two years Anna and I spent at the MGIMS Medical College at Sevagram,  we were used to visiting the Sevagram ashram, which was the home for Mahatam Gandhi during the freedom struggle. It was during those visits we got to know the background of Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagraha movement. Whenever  there was a confrontational trend during the freedom struggle, Mahatma Gandhi would pause and call for prayer vigil, which was his satyagraha movement to bring back peace and creative resistance approach against the British rule! He did not allow any protest to turn violent or to propagate hate. His non-violence was based on truth, love and freedom for all. 

Peace activism during troubled times

I do not have a good track record as a peace activist. I have had at least two occasions in the last twenty years where I could not negotiate difficult situations to bring a peaceful outcome during my involvement in two institutions. 

That brought yet another level of consciousness about peace pursuit! We can weave the web of peace only through an intentional participatory process. It was reinforced to me by a colleague with whom I was closely associated, who having watched me attempting to negotiate a difficult situation  said once,  ' You were too late  to 'let go' of an ideal situation that you pursued'! He reminded me that an infant falling while attempting to walk is preparing to stand steadily one day!  I wish I had that insight on those two occasions, where I could have been accommodative of the situations although different from my own perspective! The participatory process which I was committed to, collapsed because of which there was rupture of relationships. Most of it got resolved in the recent years about which I feel grateful! 

A public protest or solitary silent protest, both can be a peace pursuit, provided both categories of people have the larger peace as their vision and vocation. Any form of bias to favour any one group is a seed for further escalation of stress!  

Peace is not wellness, but a pathway to wellness! The ambience of peace creates openness in conversations and relationship. I hear the leader of opposition in the Indian Parliament and the home minister of India using a language of challenge, confrontation and threat towards each other. That causes further hurt and makes the wounds to fester!  

The democratically structured civil society would have multiple shades of thoughts. What is important is to consider the urgent needs of the majority of people of India. Are not the unemployment of the youth, corrupt practices during competitive examinations, non-transparent actions of the Election Commission of india, or the people becoming polarised between the majority and minorities, issues which the parliamentarians, who are the elected representative of people ought to engage in the parliamentary proceedings and outside! When the civil society sees the Parliament of India engage in these issues with interest and a resolve to find a way forward, people would feel comforted and hopeful.  

Is not the Prime minister of india who ought to lead in this restorative and healing journey within the Parliament!

Let me conclude! I have good enough reason to believe that the squirrels that I shared above had different feeding behaviours. When it was probably under stress, it seemed to be pre-occupied with its own need! Normally a squirrel behaves comfortably towards others. 

The protests in the streets of New Delhi is a sign of the stressed state of the youth of india!   

Let the nation become awake to heal their wounds and nurse them to their fullness of life and opportunities! 

We owe it to them! 

The President of India and the Prime Minister of india have an obligation to the nation to lead the country beyond the troubled times! 

Let me send this flower from our garden to all engaged in pursuing or promoting peace in different ways as the situation calls for !

M.C.Mathew (text and photo)

The Formation process for people to dwell in unity!

 

I write this blogpost in continuation of the post yesterday, 13th October, 2026, ' Searching for spirituality in a protest' .

A Bulbul in the garden 

It was while editing the photos of this Bulbul perched in our garden, I received a deepening and widening experience of my thoughts, consolidating towards a clarifying message for myself! 

The Bulbul perched on a tree during its perch changed its position and direction to look all around and get a feel of the next flight it would take. The changes in its body posture indicate what it perceived form looking around. The changing body posture was a response to its discernment  of the horizon. 

I have been disturbed by the protests in New Delhi, when some sections of  civil society are in the street, raising their concerns about the way the election commission of India is becoming partisan and loosing its constitutional status of being called upon to be fair and just! 

A lesson from South Africa

I was reminded of  the history of South Africa, a nation that was established as the Union of South Africa in 1910, within the British Empire. The full legislative independence from the United Kingdom was recognised under the statue of Westminster, though the British monarch reminded the head of state. It declared itself as a republic in 1961 and severed formal ties with the British Crown and withdrew from common wealth while under a white-minority rule.  The country held its first multi-racial democratic election in April, 1994 with universal adult franchise, ending the apartheid and establishing the majority rule under late Nelson Mandela. 

This transition from a white minority rule to a majority rule, where African nationals came into leadership of the nation was a vulnerable season in the life of South Africa. when Nelson Mandela foresaw likelihood of  racial confrontation and melt down! 

Thanks to the political wisdom of Nelson Mandela, the South African parliament passed the act of the 'promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act' in July 1995. Under the leadership of Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was established in December 1995. The hearing of the commission began in January 1996.

The commission gave an opportunity for its citizens to approach the commission to publicly acknowledge the crimes they committed, express regret and seek for pardon as a means to create an ambience of forgiveness and reconciliation. The assurance of amnesty to all those who took this path of conciliation led to a fraternal and cordial relationship, averting the racial confrontation that was foreseen by many international leaders. 

In the history of the newly created majority rule of South Africa, this decision to allow the transition under the guidance of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission generated the momentum for that nation to emerge as a democracy peacefully. Nelson Mandela attributed this transition process arising out of what he saw in Mahatma Gandhi during the partition stress, which India faced between two communities ending in the partition of india into two countries.  Bishop Desmond Tutu had a spirituality and leadership stature to promote reconciliation. 

It is one thing to establish a democratic process and turn a country into a sovereign nation ! it is yet another experience for a nation to be born through a reconciliatory process and journey. 

A wounded nation 

It was this 'formation of a nation' which was interrupted when Mahatam Gandhi was assassinated on 30th January 1948, soon after India became independent. This assassination took Mahatam Gandhi away from us, who alone had a spiritual vision for the nation of India, for its people to be relational beyond the religious differences. 

A wounded nation even after 78 years of this great loss, has not still recovered from the absence of a leader, who saw people of nation as fraternal in every aspect. Mahatma Gandhi had the charisma, acceptance, and spiritual ethos who could have lifted people from the political, social or economise premise to an inner experience of ethos of justice, fraternity, togetherness and identity in diversity that represented people of india who hailed from multiple language, religious and cultural backgrounds. Although we have had many political leaders and some becoming statesmen of stature who brought the message of non-violence, tolerance, peace and multilateral relationships across nations, they substituted the healing role Mahatma Gandhi lived for only in a limited way

The present political party that rules the country has a religious affiliation to one faith tradition, that it has been in an impositional attitude and action to enforce this during the last last two decades this party has been in power of the federal republic of india. 

At a cross road 

And now, we are at a cross road as a nation. There are reasons to suspect that the constitution of India which is a liberal document of integrating people to live in harmony is interpreted by partisan optic by the ruling dispensation! The pillars that guard the  constitution seem to be faltering to resist the view point of the current government, which emerges from a particular perspective of religious-cultural optic! 

I come back to the Bulbul in the garden! It oriented itself to the horizon all around before choosing its next flight path! Its habit is to see, hear and sense the way forward!

If only the President, Prime Minister, the home minister and the Council of Ministers had such an attitude of seeing, hearing and discerning the way forward, we would have averted the street protests in New Delhi! The honourable Supreme Court of india is the keeper of the virtue of the constitution.  A senior advocate of the Supreme Court was reported to have said: ' I am disappointed with the Supreme Court of India...', referring to its weak response against the police in New Delhi who 'turned New Delhi streets into a jail with multiple barricades to prevent protestors entering New Delhi'!.

The protests represent the unreconciled state of the nation as a republic  of people on a common journey! Don't protest often reveal truths hidden or concealed that the civil society ought to know to have an insight about the governance style of the government elected to rule for five years! 

I wish the opposition parties that promote the protest, would see beyond their interests and pursue the call of reconciliation as the path forward! This calls for an affirmation and practice of the way the constitution of India begins its preamble, " We the people of India..." ! Let me raise a question to all the protestors and those who plan the protests: Have you thought of a road map of uniting people of india at the heart level, where mutual regard for each other would grow to view and receive each other as travellers into the highway of living as a healed community! Protesting to harm or resisting the protest to suppress it are not desirable pathways for a nation. 

The democracy of governance in a sovereign republic emerges after a game between opposing political parties during the election process. If the election process is fair offering equal opportunities for political parties, then the winner rules the nation for five years. At the next game of elections after five years, the choice is of the electorate to decide the party that shall be at the governance chair for the next five years! 

The current protest is on account of strong indications of unfair practices related to the election process! 

When we hear polarised views from the ruling party and the opposition parties, about the fairness in election, we need an umpire to settle the dispute daily! Will the Supreme Court of India or an independent commission of enquiry lead the nation to the door of truth finding and reconciliation following that! 

Reasons for hope 

When I saw this rose bud in our garden in its opening stage, I felt  revived in hope and anticipation ! There is a better future ahead! The dew on the rose bud provides a protective cover to the rose bud. The people of India is the protective cover of the constitution of India! 

For me, the Bulbul and the rose bud become the reasons for hope, peace and transition!

After I wrote the above, I noticed this at the feeding station!

Two Bulbuls, two Magpie robins and a squirrel were together at the feeding station! The Bulbuls are weary of Magpie robins and Squirrel chases Magpie robins! But they meet at the feeding table! 

To me that is a message to ponder upon! Will the government of India and the opposition parties find a meeting ground to share together the vision of India, which is integration of its people into a community of neighbours! 

M.C.Mathew(text and photo)

 

The search for a spiritual ethos in a protest!

The photo below is of another sunbird perching on flowers while waiting to feed on nectar! 

The eight photos of one sunbird perching in different surfaces in our garden fascinated me. On one occasion, it was seen perched on a slender rose stem gripping it with one foot and balancing vertically! The eight photo of resting on a leaf to feed on nectar with the leaf sustaining its weight was fascinating to watch ! 

Sunbird's ability to adapt and perch confidently according to its need is an intriguing bird behaviour! 

The weight of a female garden sunbird is between 6 and 10 grams.  So its presence is not 'weighty' on any surface! 

An infant cries to indicate his or her need. When the need is attended to, most infants settle down and return to his or her regular activity. It is when an infant is not attended to or delay attention, the cry becomes louder and prolonged! 

The voice of protest in the New Delhi streets during this week by young people, has become louder, stronger and disturbing. They were not heard for a while when they expressed concerns about questions related question paper leaks just before examinations, suspicion of merit being by-passed or when they found their names or members of the family or their neighbours removed from the voter's list and non existing people appearing in the voter's list who managed to vote or cast multiple votes by one person in different voting booths. Now, the young people took to streets to protest because they were not heard and attended to ! 

The protests in the streets become the democratic expression of the voice of hurting people! The way the police and the policy makers who oversee them, do not sense the grief and anger that pushed the youth to the streets and inflict injury by forcible physical action is distressing to watch, read and hear! 

The rulers are called upon to rule to bring welfare to people! The democratic ethos is an interface between the electors and the elected. The electors give the right to the elected to govern! The elector-elected contract involves an obligation- the elected are accountable to the electors! 

If the elected exerts a 'weighty presence' and disregards the needs of the electors, it is autocracy and not democracy. 

I heard someone in a video referring to the 'dance of democracy' (the governance) which consists of a hand shake between the electors and the elected!

I feel that handshake is no more a reality between the electors and the elected in the parliamentary democracy in India now. 

In this situation of chaos in the street, I heard a politician who is a leading voice, referring to the protest as resistance movement to seek for truth, justice, equality and fraternity! He even articulated the virtue of love and forgiveness, although many are hurt and 'taken into custody'! That highlighted the spiritual ethos of the protest!  

A sunbird is present lightly, and perceptively! 

That is the call to all the elected representatives, because they do not have anything more than what was given by the electors! What can  the electors do when their voice is not heard or ignored? They become visible, loud and organised to tell the elected that they are chosen to carry the mantle of service and not cause injury to the already hurt electors! 

Even while I have the above thoughts, deep within me there is an  urge and hope that the leadership of the government and the opposition parties and youth organisations will be brought to a dialogue mood by peace initiators fairly soon. A mature democracy like that of india with 76 years of heritage does not have to be confrontational on matters of divergent views.  I wish there will be an attitude of openness to engage the acts of omission and commission with a resolution to step back to restore the voting rights of 13 core people whose names have been deleted from the voter's list. The on going revision process of voter's list is not flawless. Therefore it needs attention and resolution. 

When Alternate Dispute Resolution Practice was introduced in India about 30 years ago, we thought that the adversarial approach in times of conflict would give way to dialogue based negotiation process. That did not happen any where near to the aspirations of the court, advocates and disputants. 

So here we are, we engage each other with suspicion or motivation blaming each other for partisan mindset. While that is on one side of, peace, conciliation and harmony are the aspirations of many! 

The government ought to be  the legitimate initiator for such a step of finding an alternative to conflicts and polarisation. A democratic government is 'of the people, by the people and for the people' ! 

I live in the hope, that we will find each other as neighbours in a common journey, to bring to the thirty percent of our population, who still live below the minimum rights or comfort of life, and inspire them with a hope to  see a different future for themselves!  

Let me suggest that the government is the facilitator to help the civil society to grow into an altruistic journey as a nation! 

M.C.Mathew (text and photo)

Communicative presence !

 

The above Bulbul longingly waited looking at the Chilli plant with ripening chillies and fed on one. Soon it flew away from that site to find the feeding station in our garden as seen in the last two photos! From there it joined another Bulbul and Leaf bird on the summit of a tree in the east boundary of the garden!

Later I noticed the two Bulbuls perched blissfully together, in an early sign of courtship!

It is while watching the bird behaviours we get a glimpse of the essentials that birds seek after- shelter, feed, togetherness...!

There are pairs of Bulbuls who regularly visit the feeding station in the garden. The photo below is one of such a pair. 

I have noticed this that they feed taking turns! They arrive together; each waits for the other while feeding and they leave together! This language of communicative presence became an enquiry for me to know more about bird behaviour! 

Birds once formed as a pair are intensely loyal to each other! Whether they remain loyal only for a breeding season or life long would vary from species to species of birds. 

This grounding of loyalty is nurtured through communicative presence!

The above two photos of a  pair of Bulbuls illustrative this communicative presence. The male bird in the feeding station was chirping in a low tone audible enough for the female bird that was perched on a tree! The male bird did not start feeding at the feeding station on arrival. It thought of its pair and kept waiting. 

There is a difference between physical presence and communicative presence . 

The physical presence is being together while communicative presence  brings the ambience of intimacy. 

I have had thoughts recently to propose an intimacy quotient to gauge the growing relationship between a wife and husband! 

One essential feature of the intimacy quotient is communicative presence that a wife and husband would experience when being together.! 

The sense of presence to each other as a husband and wife would  encompasses the senses of looking, hearing, feeling and touching and an awareness of gratefulness, appreciation, affirmation and trustful regards toward each other. It is when feelings and the awareness are also expressed verbally, the presence becomes a heart level communication. The love language edifies each other and feeds the mutual intimacy to grow! 

I am grateful to the avian visitors to our garden, who over the last 14 years since Anna and I live in  our cottage, brought many experiences of awakening by their presence and behaviour.  

The avian friends planted within us, the seeds of communicative presence and intimacy quotient! 

M.C.Mathew(text and photo)